Online Education Essay - 1173 Words

Online Education There is little doubt that a more extensive on-line education system would benefit extremely overcrowded campuses like Cal State Northridge. Although short-term costs may deter colleges from implementing distance learning programs initially, many colleges could save money in the long run. With the technology available, universities should make more efforts to offer more on-line classes. Distance learning is becoming more and more prevalent across campuses and is likely to continue to grow. In this paper, I will address recent criticism of the distance learning process and present material in support of this increasing phenomenon. Distance learning is taught in several ways. Originally, distance, or â€Å"Independent†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"UoP enrolled about 75,000 students in 2000 with around 16% enrolling in completely asynchronous online instruction† (Paulson). A study conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics noted by Lewis, Snow, and Farris in 1999 found that â€Å". . .the percentage of colleges and universities offering distance education courses increased form 11% in 1995 to 44% in 1998† (Paulson). In addition, â€Å"It has been estimated that by the year 2003, 60% of learners in higher education will access content electronically† (Paulson). This increase shows the increase in colleges offering on-line courses but the percentage of courses that are offered on-line is still very low. Opponents stress the value of the traditional classroom educational approach and argue the lack of teacher-student interaction in the virtual setting. There are several reported disadvantages to the on-line approach. â€Å"Ostendorf, in an informal study of 12 distance education courses at New Mexico State University, found that instructors devoted only 2.85 minutes out of every 50 minutes of class time to interaction† (Lesniak). In many courses, there is no interaction with staff members. Assignments are posted on the class web site or sent through email and students learn strictly from reading on-line instruction. Although to some the lack of interaction is insignificant, others stress this is where realShow MoreRelatedOnline Education And Online Schools946 Words   |  4 Pagestypes of schools starting with online and public. How would someone know which one to choose? While some believe the quality of online education isn’t as good as a regular school’s, online school is just as effective or more and should be continued as a teaching resource because online students are getting higher test scores and more options are offered by online schools. One of the reasons why online school is more effective than regular school is by cause of online students have shown higher testingRead MoreOnline Discussion Of Online Education1303 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussion of online education in philosophy, there would sometimes come a rather curious moment in the conversation. I began to think of it as the â€Å"microwave question moment.† Many years ago, when microwave ovens first were advertised, there was a rather clever ad depicting a salesperson standing in front of a crowd of people, going on and on about all the wonderful advantages of microwave cooking, until a deep voice from the back spoke up with: â€Å"But does it brown the food?† Online course deliveryRead MoreOnline Education Essay712 Words   |  3 PagesOnline Education Online learning is definitely one of the newest and fastest moving industries; more and more students are opting to getting their degree this way instead of going to a land college, mostly due to the convenience of the schedule, where before a full time employee, could not fit schooling into their schedule, but they are finding out now that they can do this through the online environment, so they are utilizing this alternative way of achieving their higher education. Yet, the onlineRead MoreBenefits Of Online Education1136 Words   |  5 PagesOnline classes have become a more popular source for learning in the education system over the past couple of years. In the technology based world lived in today this is no surprise, it seems that everything is turning from human performed to technology based. The technology based world lived in has good and bad consequences, with technology based classes the need for teachers in the classroom teaching the material is declining. Along with j obs declining, many argue online learning may not be providingRead MoreTraditional Education And Online Education926 Words   |  4 PagesBatter, Online or Traditional Education Imagine that someone studies and has a neighbor in the same age. They study in together until high school. Someone continues to go to university but his neighbor decides to stay at home. They finally graduate and discover that his neighbor also graduate. Here will be there a lot of the questions beginning revolve in his head. How does his neighbor graduate and not go to school? The answer is an easy. His neighbor benefited from technology in education. This isRead MoreOnline Learning And Online Education1115 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinitely been absorbed into the education world. When one mixes technology and education, online learning is brought to life. Many believe that going to school online is a fabulous invention, because online classrooms can bring education to anyone, in any place imaginable. Some also argue that online classes can be more affordable than taking classes in the traditional classroom. Although a large number of American students believe that online learning is a valuable education tool, numerous research studiesRead MoreOnline Education Vs. Education1303 Words   |  6 PagesA Current trend that is occurring within the field of education is online education. The purpose of an online education is to allow student to receive a degree without having to be present or on campus. Online education helps working adults pursue higher education and gives them better career opportunities. It will also help people increase their lifetime earnings, Online education also helps to connect with people we would have never dreamed of interacting with it also gives students opportunitiesRead MoreOnline Education Vs Traditional Education1068 Words   |  5 PagesOn-Line Education versus Traditional Education Introduction/Thesis Online education has rapidly become a popular alternative to traditional education, due to the flexible nature of the courses and also the fact that the online learning environment may not require additional expenses. However, some people find traditional learning to be more advantageous than online learning. The traditional learning environment provides some people with more support throughout their scholastic career. When lookingRead MoreBenefits Of Online Education901 Words   |  4 Pagesgetting education and degrees online. A few years ago online education was never thinkable, and yet it has become to reality and it is widely expanding with popularity. Online education is a type of educational instruction that delivers learning to individuals to their own homes, and it is getting very popular among nontraditional student and others. Individuals prefer online education because they find it comfortable and better at their own house. To further more, some advantages of online ed ucationRead More Online Education Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pages Online Education Education is an important part of people’s lives; it will either make them or break them in the future depending on the careers they choose. Education is greatly diverse today in comparison to the 1950s because of advancements in teaching and other great inventions that provide easier techniques of teaching. One major issue that has been raised is distant learning courses and online education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Distant learning could be any format from VHS videos, DVDs, or internet courses

Healthy Eating And Body Image - 1720 Words

In today’s day in age, everyone is looking for the most effective form of weight loss that guarantees quick, lasting results. When looking for a commercial diet, our group was very familiar with a local meal replacement company, A Newtritional U, and was interested to see if this diet plan was overall nutritious. Several members of our group loved the meal replacement shakes and would consider these products to be a healthy meal alternative. Throughout this paper, we will discuss how A Newtritional U markets their products, the overall nutritional value of the products, and how these products affect our contemporary ideas about healthy eating and body image. Herbalife, also known as A Newtritional U (ANU), is a company that sells meal†¦show more content†¦Around holidays, weight loss challenges are provided to motivate customers to not only purchase their meal replacement shakes, but to also workout. They hold festive events such as Halloween Zumba, which encourages customers to workout in costumes. By doing this, customers can credit their results to ANU and its overarching mission. Strategically, ANU presents bundles to customers when selling their products. The â€Å"Survival Kit,† sold near the holidays, gives regular customers aloe shots and herbal teas at a cheaper price than buying the products on their own. It is said that the aloe shot is taken to aid digestion. During the holiday season, ANU also promotes their product and it’s purpose by presenting statistics that exhibit the amount of weight that is gained during the holiday season and the amount of individuals that are not concerned with their weight d uring that time. One statistic in particular claims that the average weight gained around the holidays is nearly 15 pounds (ANewtritionalU, 2017). By doing this type of advertising, they hope to convince individuals to replace the holiday sweets with one of their meal replacement shakes. To motivate customers to participate in weight loss challenges, ANU provides a free yoga class to aid in weight loss throughout the duration of the challenge. The promotion allows a member to bring three friends to the yoga class in order to get a shake free (ANewtritionalU, 2017).Show MoreRelatedHow Media Influence Has Increased Dramatically Over The Past Three Decades1069 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Beautiful Inside and Out â€Å"Healthy body image is not something that you re going to learn from fashion magazines,† (Shapiro) said Erin Heatherton, a Victoria Secret’s model since 2008. Media influence has increased considerably over the past three decades, whether it’s been through television, social media, or tabloids. The number of televisions has also increased in America since the 1950’s and most American have access to a television. Consequently, the images and attitudes are portrayed toRead MoreShould I Say Something?822 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals with a suspected eating disorder. This program aims to reach the social network of individuals experiencing eating disorders. According to Hart, Jorm, and Paxton (2012), â€Å"Increasing the capacity of the social network is [therefore] likely to be a more effective strategy than increasing the knowledge of individuals with eating disorders alone† (p. 2). Part 1 of the workshop focuses on presenting participants with information regarding background, definitions, types of eating disorders, risk factorsRead MoreThe Effect Of Body Image On Adolescent Girls1427 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to a study on body image 42% of first to third grade girls want to be thinner (Collins,1991). This presents a dilemma to parents and educators, as adolescent girls are becoming increasingly concerned with their body image, and have been led to unhealthy practices in their desire to be thinner. Research into this showed that as much as 57% of adolescent girls engage in harmful practices such as fasting, self induced vomiting, or diet pills (Boutelle et al, 2002).This occurs as a result ofRead MoreQuestions On Physical Health And Weight Management851 Words   |  4 PagesWHAT? This module is all about physical health. The reading begins with the three function of the food, which sets the tones of eating. The seven components of food gave a basic idea and knowledge of what food really are and what do they do to our body, or why do we need them. All of those were for chapter five and I would say those were the most of the stuff that we need to know to get into nutrition or a diet at this level for right now. As I was starting with the chapter six, the first point theRead MoreWeight, Self Body Perceptions, Emotional Based Eating Behaviors And Depression Levels1697 Words   |  7 Pagessocieties [1] may be leading to higher levels of body consciousness and body related depression as well as unhealthy eating behaviours. The aim of this current study is to better understand the possible correlations between age, weight, self-body perceptions, emotional based eating behaviours and depression levels. In the current study it can be hypothesised that there will be a strong correlation between all these variables e.g. age, BMI, body image, eating behaviours and depression and that thereforeRead MoreThe Resaons for Eating Disorders1640 Words   |  7 Pagescriticize every last inch of their body with the words â€Å"fat, ugly, worthless† echo in their head. They think their body isn’t good enough and want to look skinner like the other woman in magazines or people they see on TV. The media has a big part in self-image toward young woman. The message being sent to these women on the media is that they are not pretty enough or thin enough. Which results in people having an eating disorder. According to the National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA), as manyRead MoreSocial Media and its Effect on Eating Disorders793 Words   |  3 PagesFacebook, but it comes with a problematic cost, mental disorders on the rise. Eating disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, and other mental disorders are rapidly becoming more and more common in hospitals all across the nation, and social media is fueling the fire. There are solutions, though, ones that can and will work. New solutions are being created, ideas such as better limits in social networking, a more healthy body image on billboards, and being more careful on what message companies are sendingRead MoreMapping the Issue: Eating Disorders Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagesgirls developing eating disorders increased just as television, advertisements, and magazines were becoming a social norm that was easily and often available. Today, more than ever, adolescents are worrying about weight, shape, size and body image and. It do es not help that these children are growing up in a world filled with media material emphasizing dangerously skinny bodies as beautiful and perfect. Anne Morris and Debra Katzman, authors of â€Å"The Impact of the Media on Eating Disorders in ChildrenRead MoreThe Effects Of Negative Body Image1668 Words   |  7 Pages28,2015 English 6 The Effects of Negative Body Image Why does America have so many girls who struggle with body image? Body image is the way one sees oneself and how one imagines how one looks .(7)Having a positive body image means that, most of the time one sees oneself accurately,one feels comfortable in one’s body and one feels good about how one looks.(7)In today’s time Americans are vain in one’s appearance,meaning we feel having a thin body we are more accomplished, successful and beautifulRead MoreWhat The Shrek Just Happened1646 Words   |  7 Pagesfor Creatures, shows an image of a moose eating grass. On top of the ad is the text â€Å"There’s plenty of room for all God’s creatures. Right next to the mashed potatoes†. On the bottom is the text â€Å"Saskatoon: STEAKS – FISH – WILD GAME†. The theme for this advertisement is: The meat is here, eat it. The purpose for this ad is to convince the audience to eat at the Saskatoon restaurant. The intended audience for the advertisement is hunters. The image of the moose eating the grass is something hunters

Jewish Culture in Nursing Free Essays

1. The Jewish culture has many concepts of taboo. One of the biggest items found was the importance of remembering the past. We will write a custom essay sample on Jewish Culture in Nursing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Past is a very important aspect in the Jewish community, even the breaking of a glass at the end of a wedding, symbolizes the destruction of a temple during an invasion from the Roman Army. (Giger and Davidhizar, 2008, p. 598) During childbirth, a husband may be in the room with his wife but may not participate other than coaching. He is not allowed to view or see the vaginal area or touch his wife. After the delivery, he may lean over to his wife, careful not to touch, and say â€Å"Mazal tov† or good luck, congratulations. (Giger and Davidhizar, 2008, p. 596) After delivery it is important to be careful around the baby. Jewish people believe that is the nipple is pulled to fast from the child, falling on the head, or failing to place a cap on the head of the infant are all causes of fallen fontanel. The symptoms of this include crying, fever, vomiting, and diarrhea; but modern practice shows us that the causes of these symptoms are from dehydration. The evil eye, or mal ojo, is a feared illness that is caused from someone admiring a child and that person has a frustrated wish to hold the child, but for a reason unknown, the person is unable to fulfill the wish. Hours later the child has fever, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite. Also, it suggests the child’s eyes will roll in the back of the head, and will become listless. This is probably the result of dehydration, but this is one perceived cause of a chronic illness. (Andrews and Boyle, 2008, p. 132) 2. If a follower of Judaism becomes ill, it is a common trend for the entire family to pull together and take care of the person. When the dying process starts a nurse should know that there is a strong need for a confessional. (Giger and Davidhizar, 2008, p. 606) If a person of Jewish faith passes away, the body must not be touched by a person of opposite sex. If this happens the body will be considered contaminated. All articles of clothing and any personal items that have come into contact with blood must be left with the body and not be touched. Blood is sacred and must be buried along with the body. The body is removed to a sacred temple where the body is washed from head to toe in warm water, being careful not to turn the face towards the ground. The body will be dressed in white burial shrouds, tachrichim, and will be buried in a simple pine wood box. This is done so no one can distinguish wealth. (Klug, 2013, p. 1) This is all a part in a traditional ritual of the Jewish faith. 2B. This writer doesn’t believe in the above mentioned taboos. Reading this information has sparked an interest in the cultural beliefs held by Judaism. Current beliefs are influenced by religion and basic humanity procedures for the dying and deceased. Religion has influenced death as a passing of one person to heaven or hell. Humanity procedures that are followed are the cleansing of a body, the placement in a casket, visitation and burial, and grieving by family and friends. 2C. Influence in practice is based off of the religions of the patients request or family beliefs. As a hospice nurse, personal beliefs do not affect work habits. There are many different patient rights that are noted and followed. Giger, J. N. , Davidhizar, R. E. (2008). Transcultural nursing: Assessment and intervention (5th ed. ). St. Louis, MO: Mosby. Andrews, M. M. , Boyle, J. S. (2008). Transcultural concepts in nursing care (5thed. ). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams Wilkins. Klug, L. A. (2013). Jewish Life. Jewish Funeral Customs: Saying Goodbye to a Loved One. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2013, from http://www. jewishfederations. org/funeral-customs. aspx? print=1 How to cite Jewish Culture in Nursing, Papers

The Scope Of Study And Limitation Construction Essay Example For Students

The Scope Of Study And Limitation Construction Essay The subject for this thesis is a survey on the building wastes minimisation in Malaysia Construction Industry. Nowadays, building and destruction waste that produced in the site is increasing and going larger part of the waste disposed in Malaysia landfill. This research is selected and carried out chiefly due to the waste stuffs from site have been mostly generated and most of the Construction Industries in Malaysia have non been rehearsing by utilizing 4Rs Concept to minimise the waste on site. This is might do serious impact to the environment. The building waste has generated a important sum of waste to the Earth that causes major impact on the planetary. Therefore, solutions have to be implemented to minimising the building waste to cut down the impact of the environment. Rising disposal costs and decrease in figure of landfills create a demand to seek for options to cut down, reuse, recycle and replace of building waste being generated. Under this averment, execution of building waste direction can be one of the evident solutions for the industry to minimise waste and waste disposal, finally cut downing costs incurred during the procedure and lending to the planetary Environmental-friendly motion ( Bon-Gang Hwang, 2010 ) . The building waste will increase from clip to clip in during the development of really big undertakings particularly located in Town country. Therefore, the necessity of happening appropriate solution to cut down the potency of building waste been generated. Nowadays the waste direction is non an option any longer but necessary. It must be earnestly concerns and implement a utile tool to minimise the building waste on site. Therefore, Reused and Recycle has been known as one of the best solution to recycle the waste stuffs into recycled contents and turn into useable stuffs. Sadly though, our national domestic recycling rate still excurse around a mere five per centum ( Bernama, 2006 ) . Presently in Malaysia, it is still non much of the building industry pattern of 4Rs Concept. Thus, implementing of 4Rs Concept is one of the methods to work out the stuff waste to minimise the waste. Harmonizing to Yusoff ( 2010 ) has seemingly stated that wastages affect non merely to the environment but besides incur excess costs. In Malaysia, there is a immense potency in reuse and recycle of building waste into alternate stuffs that is useable in Malayan Construction industry if implement right. This will hopefully convey about building revival ( Yusoff, 2010 ) . In many of the developed states have started to implement reuse and recycle of the building stuffs sharply. The building wastes affect non merely the environment but besides incurred excess cost has been spent on the new stuff. This is chiefly due to maybe the un-used stuff on site has been damaged and extra cost demand to reorder the stuff. Therefore, there is a demand of implementing a good stuff storage to avoid damaging the stuff. Other than that, the method of reuse and recycle of waste has been mostly used on other developed counties. This means that there are has the immense potency in reuse and recycle of waste stuff on site in Malaysia. Thurs, implementing 4Rs Concept to cut down the excess cost incur on the unneeded stuffs and besides reuse and recycle of building waste in the Malayan building industry. This will hopefully minimise the building waste from being mostly generated on site. Outline1 Problem Statement2 Research Goals3 Undertaking Aim4 Aims of Undertaking5 Cardinal Questions6 Background of Study7 Scope of Study and Limitation8 Contribution of the survey9 Research Methodology10 Phase 1 Literature Review and the Pilot Study11 Phase 2 The Technique of Data Collections12 Primary Source13 Questionnaire14 Secondary Beginning15 Phase 3 The Result of Analysis and Findingss16 Phase 4 The Conclusion and Recommendation of Data Analysis17 Phase 118 Technique of Data Collection19 ( Primary beginning, Questionnaires )20 Phase 221 A instance survey about the fire protection system in commercial edifice22 A set of inquiry will be distribute to the commercial edifice s users to dertermine theier cognition about fire safety23 An interview would be carry out to the fire safety professionalSTAGE 324 Phase 425 Figure 1.1: The Flow Chart of the Research Methodology26 Summaries of Chapters27 Chapter 1: Introduction to the Research28 Chapter 2: Literature Reappraisal29 Chapt er 3: Research Methodology30 Chapter 4: The Result of Analysis and Findingss31 Chapter 5: Decisions and Recommendations32 1.9 Drumhead33 Chapter 2: Literature Reappraisal34 2.1 Introduction35 2.2 The overview of the Malayan building industry36 2.3 The types of waste produced in Malaya37 2.3.1 Construction and Demolition waste38 Construction waste39 Demolition waste40 Construction waste41 Percent ( % ) By Volume42 Demolition waste43 Percent ( % ) By Volume44 2.4 The categorization of the building waste45 Evitable waste46 Ineluctable waste47 Potential waste48 2.4.4 Compensating waste49 2.5 The causes of the building waste50 Undertaking Phase51 Causes of Waste52 2.6 The impact of building waste53 2.7 The building waste minimisation steps54 The method to minimise the building waste55 The 4Rs Concept56 The types of recycling building stuffs57 Bricks and blocks58 The undamaged brick and block can be reused in the other new undertaking. Other than recycling the brick and block, the brick a nd block that is harm can besides be used to recycle as ( Business Gateway, n.d. ) :59 Glass60 Forests61 Plastic62 Gypsum gypsum board63 Insulation64 3.0 The benefits of minimising the building waste65 3.1 Drumhead66 Work Programme and Time Table67 Activities68 NUMBER OF WEEKS69 170 271 372 473 574 675 776 877 978 1079 1180 1281 1382 Preparation OF PROPOSAL83 A84 A85 A86 A87 A88 A89 A90 A91 A92 A93 A94 A95 A96 Identify and finalize the research subject97 A98 A99 A100 A101 A102 A103 A104 A105 A106 A107 A108 A109 A110 Fix the thesis proposal111 A112 A113 A114 A115 A116 A117 A118 A119 A120 A121 A122 A123 A124 Allow the supervisor to O.K. on the subject125 A126 A127 A128 A129 A130 A131 A132 A133 A134 A135 A136 A137 A138 Prepare working programme and clip tabular array139 A140 A141 A142 A143 A144 A145 A146 A147 A148 A149 A150 A151 A152 Find beginnings sing to the research subject153 A154 A155 A156 A157 A158 A159 A160 A161 A162 A163 A164 A165 A166 Carry out in deepness survey on the Artic les167 A168 A169 A170 A171 A172 A173 A174 A175 A176 A177 A178 A179 A180 Chapter 1 Introduction181 A182 A183 A184 A185 A186 A187 A188 A189 A190 A191 A192 A193 A194 Introduction195 A196 A197 A198 A199 A200 A201 A202 A203 A204 A205 A206 A207 A208 Research Goals ( Aim and Objectives )209 A210 A211 A212 A213 A214 A215 A216 A217 A218 A219 A220 A221 A222 Background of Study223 A224 A225 A226 A227 A228 A229 A230 A231 A232 A233 A234 A235 A236 Scope of Study and Limitation237 A238 A239 A240 A241 A242 A243 A244 A245 A246 A247 A248 A249 A250 Research Methodology251 A252 A253 A254 A255 A256 A257 A258 A259 A260 A261 A262 A263 A264 Summaries of Chapters265 A266 A267 A268 A269 A270 A271 A272 A273 A274 A275 A276 A277 A278 Submit first bill of exchange of chapter 1 for look intoing279 A280 A281 A282 A283 A284 A285 A286 A287 A288 A289 A290 A291 A292 Improve and do good on overall Chapter 1293 A294 A295 A296 A297 A298 A299 A300 A301 A302 A303 A304 A305 A306 Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW307 A308 A309 A310 A311 A312 A313 A314 A315 A316 A317 A318 A319 A320 Undertake literature reappraisal321 A322 A323 A324 A325 A326 A327 A328 A329 A330 A331 A332 A333 A334 Fix the constructions of the literature reappraisal335 A336 A337 A338 A339 A340 A341 A342 A343 A344 A345 A346 A347 A348 Write literature reappraisal349 A350 A351 A352 A353 A354 A355 A356 A357 A358 A359 A360 A361 A362 Submit first bill of exchange of chapter 2 for look intoing363 A364 A365 A366 A367 A368 A369 A370 A371 A372 A373 A374 A375 A376 Improve and do good on overall Chapter 2377 A378 A379 A380 A381 A382 A383 A384 A385 A386 A387 A388 A389 A390 SUBMISSION OF CHAPTER 1 A ; 2391 A392 A393 A394 A395 A396 A397 A398 A399 A400 A401 A402 A403 A Planned Progress404 Activities405 NUMBER OF WEEKS406 1407 2408 3409 4410 5411 6412 7413 8414 9415 10416 11417 12418 13419 Preparation OF PROPOSAL420 A421 A422 A423 A424 A425 A426 A Problem Statement It is evidently that most of the building industries may bring forth or bring forth a enormous sum of dust and besides solid waste from sites. These dusts and solid waste will go forth onto the sites for decennaries or merely dump into the sea that may do to H2O pollution non merely to our state but besides damaging the universe. In order to let building waste to be minimized, it is either by pull offing the stuff decently such as provide a good housework, provide proper stuff storage and so on or utilizing 4Rs Concept such as cut down, reuse, recycle and replace of stuff waste on site. Most of the buildings industries generate tonss of dust that can be wholly cease because in every building industry during activities in on traveling, there will be waste occurred no affair what method used to forestall it. It is depend on how the undertaking direction cut down the waste to the minimal. In Malaysia, bulk of the building industry do non take advantages or practise of utilizing reuse and recycle method and at the terminal the stuff wantonness on the building site. Consequently, this will do increasing of load on landfill lading and operation on site. Thurs, it is clip for Malaysia to get down to pull off the stuff properly and besides rehearse utilizing recycle and reused to minimise the stuff waste on site. Therefore, it is advisable to all building industries in Malaysia should get down to rehearse 4Rs Concepts in order to minimise the building waste. Research Goals Undertaking Aim The purpose of this thesis is chiefly to transport out survey sing to minimise the building waste in the building industry. The Malayan building industry should implement several methods to minimise the building waste stuff such as provide proper direction for the stuff, reuse and recycle method and so on. Therefore, all the solution should be implementing in all building industry in order to accomplish the purposes of this survey. Aims of Undertaking To place the types of waste that can be used to recycle or recycle in building industry. To analyze the benefits of building waste minimisation in building industry. To give out recommendation on how to get the better of the building waste job in building industry. Cardinal Questions What are the types of waste that can be used to recycle and recycle in building industry? What benefits can the building waste minimisation contribute to the building industry? Which types of method can be implemented to get the better of the building waste job in building industry? Background of Study Nowadays many buildings industries around the universe have produced a enormous sum of waste into this universe. Many of the waste produced from the buildings site has been dump on all over the topographic points and it will increase from clip to clip comparatively with development of rural and urban countries if building industries did non managed them decently. Therefore, building waste direction plays an of import function to minimise or command the sum of waste that produce from the building site. The Malayan building industry has now chiefly concerns sing to the sum of building waste generated in Malaysia. In many of the developed states have been utilizing reuse and recycle of building waste. Therefore, reuse and recycle have been recognised as one of the most feasible scheme to command and minimise the waste on site. In most of undertakings, more than half of the building wastes are reclaimable stuffs. There are several writers have been highlighted schemes for waste minimisation. One of the schemes that find perennial reference in the literature is the scheme referred to as 3Rs cut down, reuse, recycle. ( Shekdar, 2008 ; Wang et al. , 2008 ; Kibert and Languell, 2000 ; Teo and Loosemore, 2001 ) . Therefore, there is a good chance to implementing 4Rs construct instead than 3Rs. This is chiefly due to the 4Rs Concept is a better and feasible scheme that can be used to command and minimise the building waste. Scope of Study and Limitation This research is chiefly concentrating on the building wastes minimisation in Malayan building industry. In this research, a instance survey of building wastes minimisation in Malayan building industry which chiefly concentrating on metropoliss or town country such as Kuala Lumpur. First, this research is carry out to guarantee whether that the practise of reuse and recycle waste has been implemented in Malayan building industries. Besides that, to look into the current tendency of the waste direction in Malayan building industry in order to happen out the waste minimisation method that provides smooth flow of procedure. Second, this research is transporting out by questionnaires to the relevant respondents that have the accomplishments and cognition sing to the research subject. Not all respondents has the cognition that can lend to the research subject due to non many respondents had the experience and cognition sing to the building waste minimisation. The marks of the respondents are chiefly focus on who have the experiences and cognition sing to the building waste minimisation in Kuala Lumpur such as contractors, specializers, professionals, undertaking director, etc. Contribution of the survey First of wholly, this research is carried out due to assorted grounds. The chief ground of this research is to cut down the cost of building stuff and disposal. Due to this ground less waste will be generated means that a decreased measure of stuffs will be purchased and less waste taken to landfill will cut down gate fees for disposal every bit good. This will better recovery patterns and actuate a sustained alteration in waste direction practise in future. In order to cut down the cost of building stuff, reused and recycled building waste is the best solution to dispose the waste stuffs in the building industry. Second, reused and recycled is an economically feasible option. Using reused and recycled, the waste stuffs on site will non be dumped randomly and sent to incinerators of burned on-site or sent to landfill sites. Contractors could merely direct the stuffs to recycling Centres. From recycling of building wastes, contractors could reimburse their losingss and do a healthy net income out of it. This method is already been used in the United States. In Malaysia, reused and recycled is still non normally practise. Therefore, there is much potency to lend on the market for recycled building wastes. Therefore, our state non merely cut down the landfill sites but besides cut down a batch of disbursals on building stuff to building industry. The building industry produces significant sum of waste, which is about four times of that produced in families thereby accounting for more than 50 per cent of the waste deposited in a typical landfill ( Ferguson et al. , 1995 ; Coventry and Guthrie, 1998 ) . This means the rise of disposal costs and decreases in figure of landfills that create a demand to seek for other solutions to either cut down, recycle and reuse or supplying a good stuff storage direction for the stuff from being harm and lead to building waste. Last, the contractors in every building industry should be rehearsing 3Rs Concept or supply proper developing sing on efficiency of the material storage direction. This will hopefully to forestall losingss in the building industry because the sum of building waste generated is equal to waste of money in the building company. This research is carried out to look into the best options to minimise or dispose the waste from the site in order to do the company addition net incomes. Research Methodology This research will be focus on the benefits of the building waste direction, the types of waste used to recycle or recycle and the method used to get the better of the building waste in order to minimise the building waste in Malaysia building industry. The phases of the research methodological analysis can split into 4 phases, which are: Phase 1 Literature Review and the Pilot Study Phase 2 The Technique of Data Collections Phase 3 The Result of Analysis and Findingss Phase 4 The Conclusion and Recommendation of Data Analysis Phase 1 Literature Review and the Pilot Study The literature reappraisal is a critical and in depth rating of old research. The literature reappraisal serves to show and more understanding and cognition of theoretical and research issues related to research subject. In order to roll up information in the literature reappraisal, the secondary beginnings is implement which included diary articles, books, newspapers, magazines, on-line beginnings, senior thesis, etc. Therefore, a comprehensive of literature reappraisal sing to the building waste minimisation in Malayan building industry is carry out. These will hopefully supplying some utile information in transporting out the research subject in literature reappraisal. The literature reappraisal act as a usher to detect more cognition sing to the research subject. Phase 2 The Technique of Data Collections Primary Source Primary beginning can be collected through instance survey, questionnaire and interview. These are the effectual alternate solution that enables to roll up equal and solid information sing to research subject. The questionnaire study technique is chosen to roll up the information. Questionnaire Questionnaire will be the primary informations aggregation which was selected as study method for this research. The information aggregation is based on the open-ended questionnaires will be given out 20-50 respondents to relevant individual who has the experience and cognition in building waste direction. The questionnaire was designed in several subdivisions and classs, the questionnaires will be distribute to the building industry companies located in metropolis country of Kuala Lumpur. The mark respondents to administer the questionnaire are chiefly focus on the individual who has cognition sing to the types of waste used to recycle or recycle, the benefits of the building waste direction and the method to get the better of the building waste. Secondary Beginning Secondary beginning can be collected through diary articles and journal reappraisal. In this secondary beginning, carry out survey as much diary articles as possible in order to understand and supply aid on this research subject. Other than that, other secondary beginning in including books, newspapers, magazines, cyberspace beginnings, senior thesis will besides be carried out to carry on this thesis. The information that has been review or analyze must associate to the research subject in order to transport out this research expeditiously. Phase 3 The Result of Analysis and Findingss The informations can be collected through appraising in questionnaire method. The construction of the inquiries is based on the research subject which is minimising building waste in the Malayan building industry. Approximate 20-50 sets of inquiries are send to the relevant respondents who has the experience and cognition with the building waste minimisation. The respondents are chiefly targeted on the undertaking director, specializers, professionals, etc. After the information of questionnaires has been collected and gathered, the analysis consequence will be analysed and present into saloon charts, pie charts or histogram signifier with accounts in inside informations sing to the informations collected. Form the information that had been collected, composing up of the content of the thesis is used in this phase to compose up the consequence of analysis and findings that cover the chapters proposed in every each of the undermentioned subdivision. Decision Making EssayProcurement In the procurance, one of the chief causes of telling mistake is material order to the site is over-ordering or deficiency of telling. Besides that, the stuff purchased that do non follow with the specification. Last, deficiency of lovingness will ensue to damage of building stuffs during transit that may besides take to waste. 2.5.3 Managing Inappropriate storage of stuff will take to damage or impairment that will do wastage of stuff on site. Besides that, deficiency of confined infinite on site ever cause job for stuffs storage. In the building industry, there are many unfriendly attitudes of undertaking squad and laborers appear on site that manage the stuffs in the bad mode such as bad stacking, harm and ripening of formwork, etc. Operation Mistakes by tradespersons or laborers will take to damage of stuff on site. This mistakes cause by the tradesperson that damaging the stuff are largely accidents due to negligence. Materials that are wholly constructed to the edifice lead to damage caused by subsequent trades such as usage of wrong stuff or non harmonizing to the specification, therefore destruction and replacing are required. Therefore, this will bring forth a batch of waste during the phase of destruction and replacing of other stuff. 2.6 The impact of building waste In order to minimise or cut down the building waste in the Malayan Construction Industry, it is of import determine to effects that affect the building waste. This will hopefully forestall the bad practise of being reiterating and go on making building waste in Malayan Construction Industry. Harmonizing to Teoh ( 2009 ) said that the building industry has changed well in recent old ages, act uponing production rates, building techniques and the entire measure of stuffs used each twelvemonth. The more complicated the undertaking, the larger volume of stuffs is being used. As a consequence, Material Storage Management is so deeded in building industries as shown in the followers: Low profitableness The building waste in the building site will take to low profitableness of the undertaking. The issue of the company losingss or face low profitableness is chiefly due to the fresh stuff on site bend to blow stuff. Therefore, in every building company shall take into consideration sing the affair stated in order to minimise the building waste and besides to forestall low profitableness of the company. Construction clip hold The hold of building work may happen due to incorrect qualities and types of stuffs are used. Furthermore, every bit good as the clip spent for the Reconstruction and replacing for the goods is one of the issue in detaining building clip ( Teoh Su Ping, 2009 ) . The another issue of doing hold can be known as harm, it is occurred during the delivering of stuffs to the site, material deliver to the site excessively early, and improper storage of stuffs, so on. The chief issue of hold in building period is chiefly due to miss of planning in Material Management, the undertaking is non merely delayed but besides will do a batch of waste being generated on site. Low productiveness One of the ground that lead to low productiveness in the company which is affect by hapless direction in material storage such as improper storages for stuffs, hold stuffs bringing on site, etc. For illustration, the stuff without proper storage in a engorged site that may take to jobs of blockading the operation works. This will impact the low productiveness of the building advancement on site. High degree of stuffs wastage This is chiefly due to hapless stuffs storage direction. Most of the stuffs are being wasted due to hapless stuff handling that will probably to be damaged if topographic point on the expose country. This may be occurred because of over-ordering of stuffs supply. Other than that, this will besides do higher lever of stuffs loss, hooliganism and so on. Poor stuffs storage The stuffs without proper planning of the topographic point to hive away the stuff, the stuff will be ended up neglect on site and do the handiness of site congested. The location of the material storage should be program sagely in order to hive away the stuff in the right status or topographic point to forestall from stealer and besides workers who work on site. For illustration, if the valuable stuffs stored in an unfastened shop such as door cupboard, tiles, etc which will usually being stolen by foreign workers. Therefore, the stuffs should be kept in the safe topographic point to forestall lost. Materials deficit or surpluss on site This is chiefly cause by improper planning of telling and presenting of stuff goods, there is a high inclination of confronting the stuffs shortage on site. Excess of stuffs delivered to the site has the high potency on making batch storage jobs. Besides that, if the building stuffs are delivered on site excessively early, this may be a high per centum of hazard that stuffs being damaged on site ( Teoh Su Ping, 2009 ) . 2.7 The building waste minimisation steps Construction waste minimisation steps should be implementing to supply minimum waste on site. There are several steps need to be taken in order to minimise the waste on site. The steps such as: Standardization of design to better buildability and cut down the measure of off-cuts Standardization has the possible to dramatically cut down the current production of building waste. By planing room countries and ceiling highs in multiples of standard stuff sizes a significant decrease in off-cuts had been achieved ( Andrew R.J. Dainty, 2004 ) . Stock control measures to avoid the over ordination of stuffs Over-ordering of stuffs emerged as a peculiarly important country of site direction control taking to stuffs wastage. Tighter stock control measures coupled to the careful monitoring of on-site advancement had helped to cut down the sum of unneeded waste. Merely raising consciousness of this issue amongst site directors had provably shown to cut down waste degrees in several of the instance survey undertakings ( Andrew R.J. Dainty, 2004 ) . Improved instruction of the work force All of the sources agreed that the attitudes of secret agents accounted for a important proportion of on-site wastage. Toolbox negotiations were a scheme used on most of the instance survey undertakings to educate secret agents in the benefits of waste minimization ( Andrew R.J. Dainty, 2004 ) . Supply concatenation confederations with suppliers/recycling companies This step aimed at covering with waste in the most effectual mode to cut down the impact produced. Partnerships with providers had led to extra stuffs being removed, reprocessed and in some instances, reused. Such patterns were supported with fiscal inducements for waste minimization ( Andrew R.J. Dainty, 2004 ) . Provision of waste skips for specific stuffs Centrally commanding skips for stuffs had helped to advance a civilization of stuff segregation and recycling. Retaining duty for waste direction besides allowed the chief contractor to keep control over remotion of waste and recovering costs through recycling. ( Andrew R.J. Dainty, 2004 ) . Just-in-time bringing scheme Reducing the clip that stuffs were stored on site reduced the potency for harm from hapless handling and elements. Adopting a just-in-time bringing scheme had eliminated long-run site storage every bit good as cut downing the possible for over-ordering stuffs on several undertakings ( Andrew R.J. Dainty, 2004 ) . Execution of a waste decrease model program The Hong Kong Government launched a Waste Reduction Framework Plan ( WRFP ) in 1998 ( WDO, 2003 ) . The program aims to better public consciousness on waste decrease. The WRFP sets out programmes to avoid and understate waste ; promote recovery, recycling and reuse of waste stuffs ; protract the life of bing landfills and cut down the increasing costs of waste transit, intervention and disposal. The WRFP besides provides suggestions on how different economic sectors can integrate assorted waste decrease steps into their concern patterns. The program is expected to convey a alteration from the traditional attitude of roll uping and transporting waste to the bar and reuse of waste stuffs ( Vivian W.Y. Tam, 2007 ) . WRFP specifies six aims ( WRFP, 1998 ) : Widening the utile life of the strategic landfills ; Understating the sum of waste to be disposed ; Helping conserve the Earth s non-renewable resources ; Increasing the waste recycling rate ; Understating the costs of aggregation, intervention and disposal of waste ; and Bettering institutional agreements ( WRFP, 1998 ) . Implementing recycling strategy Whilst waste recycling has been adopted in Hong Kong, the pattern is chiefly promoted among commercial and industrial sectors. Recycling has non been efficaciously promoted among building practicians ( EPD, 2001 ) . To advance recycling in the private building sector, a Demonstration Scheme ( DEMOS ) has been introduced to promote the acceptance of new engineerings in waste minimization and recycling. In order to foster better recycling consciousness, the authorities intends to supply inducements for people to put up recycling workss. Intermediate sorting workss for building waste are being provided as a agency of guaranting that the minimal sum ends up in landfills and that the bulk is recycled or reused for land renewal sites ( Vivian W.Y. Tam, 2007 ) . The method to minimise the building waste The 4Rs Concept The definition of 4R construct can be mentioning to cut down, reuse, recycle and replace which is well-known and common utilizing in most of the developed states. The significance of 4Rs Concept is that cut downing the usage of stuffs and goods so that the potency of waste on site will be cut down. The following solution will be utilizing the reuse and recycle of the natural stuffs and reclaimable stuffs turn into utile stuffs that can be continue usage in building site. Other than that, replace such as replacing of another stuff that has a longer lifetime. For illustrations, replacing lumber formworks as IBS system formworks that can non be easy turn up to waste. The 4Rs Concept can be categorise as: Reduce Reduce can be defined as cut down the usage of the building stuffs and goods in order to minimise or cut down waste. This will guarantee that less use of building stuffs and therefore guarantee less waste being bring forth on site. ( Alam, 2012 ) . Reuse Reuse can be defined as usage building stuffs that can be reuse as many clip to avoiding the usage of disposable goods that merely used one time. Use of stuffs that can be reuse and this can hopefully pro-long the usage of stuffs and goods before they degradation into waste ( Alam, 2012 ) . Recycle Recycle can be defined as recycle the reclaimable stuffs into goods that can still be used in the building industry. Unfortunately, non all building waste can be used to recycle but the many of the building industry has started to pattern in United States. When waste stuffs are recycled, these provide industry with an alternate beginning of natural stuffs. This consequences in less demand for virgin stuffs whoseA extraction, conveyance and processing are major beginnings of nursery gas emanations. Recycling non merely reduces nursery gas emanations but besides minimising the building waste every bit good ( Alam, 2012 ) . Replace Replace can be defined as replacing of an alternate stuff that has a long lifetime which can be used for a long period and barely turn into waste. For illustrations, replacing lumber formworks as IBS system formworks that is lasting plenty to stand for longer period. The types of recycling building stuffs Bricks and blocks The lifetime of the Bricks and blocks can be last for about over 100 old ages. The bricks and blocks that have been antecedently used in the building industries can be used to recycle and recycle. Most of the beginnings of brick and block turned up to blow chiefly cause by harm during on and off lading, inordinate of over ordination and so on. The waste of brick and block are largely come from walls, column, bing edifice which include of common clay bricks, aerated blocks and precast concrete. The undamaged brick and block can be reused in the other new undertaking. Other than recycling the brick and block, the brick and block that is harm can besides be used to recycle as ( Business Gateway, n.d. ) : To do sum for the usage of general fill or main road sub-base in landscape gardening. To fabricate new bricks and blocks To do such surface as tennis tribunals and sports paths as works substrate Glass The spectacless that have been antecedently used in the building industries can be process into a functional stuff. Most of the glass waste can be found in the destruction undertakings such as the broken Fluorescent lighting, Windowss and mirror and besides the Structural spectacless such as the modern offices with high terminal spectacless around the edifice. The chief causes of glass wastage are over telling of stuffs, breakages during installing and harm during storage ( Business Gateway, n.d. ) . The glass is a really delicate stuff which required careful handling. Therefore, the storage for glass stuffs should be after cleverly and sagely in order to minimise or hopefully to forestall it from broken. The glass waste in the building industry can be used to recycle and recycle by traveling into a procedure of suppression, testing to take taint, air categorization, and size categorization, rinsing and drying of the glass waste. After the glass has been all of the procedure phases, the glass can be known as cured glass. The cured glass can be used as cosmetic stuffs, filtration medium, insularity, containers and so on. Forests Most of the forests that have been antecedently used in the building industries can be used to recycle. Most of the wood waste can be found in the assortment of signifiers in the undertakings due to the used of wood as lumber formwork is common used in Malayan building Industries. The chief causes of wood waste are palettes, crates, beams, window and door frames, doors, floor boards, shuttering, fencing and panels, such as hardboard ( Business Gateway, n.d. ) . The wood waste that obtained in building industry can be used to recycle by fabricating wood wastes, recyclable and reclaimable wood stuffs from destruction and building, including palettes, the wood is chipped for other utilizations. Plastic Most of the plastic that have been used in the building industries are chiefly organ pipe, window frames, interior adjustments and so on. The chief causes of fictile waste are over-estimated of telling and disposal of off-cuts and fresh stuffs, over-specified undertaking design, hapless storage and handling and so on. The scope of fictile waste that obtained in building industry can be used to recycle as polyethylene terephthalate ( PET ) , high denseness polythene ( HDPE ) , low denseness polythene ( LDPE ) , polyvinyl chloride ( PVC ) and besides ABS ( a copolymer of propenonitrile, butadiene and cinnamene ) polymers. Gypsum gypsum board Most of the gypsum gypsum board is manufactured into gypsum board, plaster and other specializer boards for fire protection. The causes of gypsum gypsum board waste are damaged due to hapless design, hapless storage and handling, over ordination, disposal of fresh stuffs and off-site film editing ( Business Gateway, n.d. ) . The plasterboard wastage can be generated in the building industry during the installing. The options for recycling waste gypsum board produced on your building site include ( Business Gateway, n.d. ) : Sending waste to independent gypsum board recyclers to do into new gypsum board and cement Sending waste to household waste recycling Centres Using gypsum as a dirt conditioner Using gypsum to do bathroom furniture moldings Insulation The insularity that has been antecedently used in the building industries can be used to recycle every bit good. Most of the insularity wastes can be found in the destruction and refurbishment undertakings. Insulation stuffs such as fiberglass, mineral wool, polystyrene, spray froth, polyurethane, fiberboard and so on. These insularity stuffs are really delicate which required careful installing. The causes of insularity waste chiefly due to over-estimate of telling and harm of fresh stuffs, telling the incorrect specifications or types of insularity, over-designed undertakings, hapless pre-formed design, hapless storage and handling. These are the chief causes of wastage for insularity that Malayan building industry normally faced. The options for recycling waste insularity produced on your building site include ( Business Gateway, n.d. ) : Direct reuse of off-cuts Returning stuffs through take-back strategies offered by makers Compressed stone wool ceiling tile industry Reclamation and reprocessing after taking drosss such as prison guards and nails 3.0 The benefits of minimising the building waste Harmonizing to El-Haggar ( 2007 ) , proper building waste direction will supply economic benefits by diminishing the cost of the undertaking through proper execution of a waste direction program. Apart from economic benefits, waste direction may positively lend to the undermentioned facets ( Bon-Gang Hwang, 2010 ) : Cost economy and net income maximization An increased accent on waste decrease, reuse and recycling may bring forth favorable results such as cost economy. Unnecessary purchase of new building stuffs that may be substituted by reused or recycled 1s consequences in extra costs. In add-on, bring forthing less waste from building undertakings consequences in decrease in disposal costs and landfill charges ; finally cutting down the entire undertaking costs. Furthermore, the cost economy, in bend, can maximise net income ( Bon-Gang Hwang, 2010 ) . Reduced demand for landfill infinites Minimizing the sum of waste sent to landfills for disposal can take to less demand for landfill and decrease of negative environmental effects such as noise, pollution effects of landfill every bit good as emanation and residues from incinerators ( Bon-Gang Hwang, 2010 ) . Improved resource direction Waste direction besides involves be aftering and control of resources committed to undertakings in order to command the sum of waste generated. Therefore, better control of resources may be achieved with decrease in waste every bit good as betterment of full resource direction public presentation ( Bon-Gang Hwang, 2010 ) . Image betterment Implementing waste direction as a company policy may let companies to heighten their public images as environmental-friendly companies heightening their feeling on clients ( Bon-Gang Hwang, 2010 ) . Productivity and quality betterment Productiveness can be improved by avoiding holds caused by reordering and buy backing of stuffs that have been wasted one time. By choosing stuff of good quality and lastingness, important sum of waste coevals caused by replacing of hapless choice stuff during the life rhythm of installations can be avoided ( Bon-Gang Hwang, 2010 ) . 3.1 Drumhead In this chapter, the causes and impact of the building waste has been carried out survey to understand what is the causes and impact that the building waste in the Malayan building industry. Therefore, there are several steps has been implemented to minimise the building waste. In this chapter, the 4Rs Concept has been implemented whether it has the potency of to minimise the waste in the Malayan building industry. Other than that, the types of stuffs that can be used to recycle and recycle were identified in this chapter. Last, the benefits of minimising the building waste which besides been discussed. The survey of this research subject is to discourse whether Malayan building industry did practise of the 4Rs Concept or non. Work Programme and Time Table Activities NUMBER OF WEEKS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Preparation OF PROPOSAL A A A A A A A A A A A A A Identify and finalize the research subject A A A A A A A A A A A A A Fix the thesis proposal A A A A A A A A A A A A A Allow the supervisor to O.K. on the subject A A A A A A A A A A A A A Prepare working programme and clip tabular array A A A A A A A A A A A A A Find beginnings sing to the research subject A A A A A A A A A A A A A Carry out in deepness survey on the Articles A A A A A A A A A A A A A Chapter 1 Introduction A A A A A A A A A A A A A Introduction A A A A A A A A A A A A A Research Goals ( Aim and Objectives ) A A A A A A A A A A A A A Background of Study A A A A A A A A A A A A A Scope of Study and Limitation A A A A A A A A A A A A A Research Methodology A A A A A A A A A A A A A Summaries of Chapters A A A A A A A A A A A A A Submit first bill of exchange of chapter 1 for look intoing A A A A A A A A A A A A A Improve and do good on overall Chapter 1 A A A A A A A A A A A A A Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW A A A A A A A A A A A A A Undertake literature reappraisal A A A A A A A A A A A A A Fix the constructions of the literature reappraisal A A A A A A A A A A A A A Write literature reappraisal A A A A A A A A A A A A A Submit first bill of exchange of chapter 2 for look intoing A A A A A A A A A A A A A Improve and do good on overall Chapter 2 A A A A A A A A A A A A A SUBMISSION OF CHAPTER 1 A ; 2 A A A A A A A A A A A A A Planned Progress Activities NUMBER OF WEEKS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Preparation OF PROPOSAL A A A A A A A

Bretagne France free essay sample

Bretagne is found along Frances northern shore. Bretagne is also called Brittany and sometimes referred to as little Britain. It is a land of enchantment and wonders. It features rugged coastlines with some of the worlds most breathtaking views. It features more than 4,000 castles and medieval homes. Its an ideal destination for water sports enthusiasts, lovers of fine cuisine and seafood, and anyone fascinated by legends and history. The attractions, weather and scenery, and the festivals are what attract people the most. This region is full of numerous world-class museums and historic attractions. One of the best places to visit while in Brittany is Oceanopolis. It features 50 aquariums from tropical and polar species. The cathedral of St. Pierre and St. Paul is one of the last Gothic French cathedrals. The chateau de Combourg is a beautiful castle surrounded by greenery and water. The Grand Phare or Great Lighthouse is also a great place to visit, being 300 feet high. We will write a custom essay sample on Bretagne France or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And finally the musee de la Faience is devoted to the famous pottery. Other fun things to do are outdoor water sports, including sailing, kayaking, surfing and scuba diving. Spa seawater treatments are also available for relaxing purposes. Being close to the ocean, the weather is fairly nice and warm year round. Rain occurs regularly which keeps the countryside green and wooded. Although it rains often, cloudless days are common and sunny in Brittany. In Brittany a common expression and response to people complaining about the rain is En Bretagne, il ne pleut que sur les cons, which literally translates as In Brittany, it only rains on the idiots. This means that if you don’t like Brittany, you should leave. Brittany has many festivals and events. They reflect Brittany’s culture and energetic music and dance. Some cultural festivals include the festival de Cornouaille, which is a festival that displays Brittany’s cultural diversity. Les Filets Bleus celebrates fishing traditions and the Festival du Film Britanniqu previews British films in France. Music festivals are also popular in France. Astropolis is a techno music themed festival celebrated in July. La Route du Rock plays pop and rock music. Les Transmusicales is known for showing brand new acts for undiscovered bands. They also have a festival all about activities dealing with the sea. The Fetes Maritimes de Brest is a sailing event that takes place every four years. The next race happens in July of 2012. La Route du Rhum is a transatlantic yacht race which also takes place every four years. The next race will be in November of 2014. Bretagne is a beautiful, fascinating mix of spectacular coastlines, ancient towns, magical islands and inland woods. With so many attractions and activities you will never get bored. The scenery and weather is unforgettably amazing. The festivals attract many tourists and French people to the area.

Cricket in Times Square book report Essays

Cricket in Times Square book report Essays Cricket in Times Square book report Paper Cricket in Times Square book report Paper Name Class Date Imagine that you were living In a peaceful country with grass, trees, birds And suddenly you were moved to an extremely crowded clay Everything Is strange, and new for you. Do you think you will like it? This is the story of a fictional book called The Cricket in Times Square by George Selene, where a cricket who came from Connecticut starts living a new life in New York. Chester, the cricket is a very good singer. His owner is a newsstand boy called Mario. He finds Chester under a pile of papers, and he felt like he wanted to have Chester as a pet immediately when he first sees it. The problem is that Chester is from the country, which Is different from New York. So, Tucker the mouse and Harry the Cat helps Chester get used to this new city, and also become friends with Chester. As Chester Impresses people by singing Its songs, they make their own concerts. Tucker becomes the manager, and Chester sings the songs. People in the station enjoy and even poke their fingers in Cheaters cage, which Chester doesnt like. He wants to go home, but he also doesnt want to because he just didnt want to leave money who took care of him everyday. Also, he doesnt want to leave his new friends behind. Will Chester choose home or friendship? This is a great book that shows friendship. For example, usually mice and cats are enemies. But in this book, the mouse and the cat are friends. And usually when you see a cricket In the streets, what would you do? If I was In that situation, I would say Newman. , and run away. But Moral accepted Chester as a pet regardless of what Mama and Papa Bell said. The book has no enemies between the characters, which makes it appropriate for all ages. But since it is not a picture book, I do not recommend it to kids under six years old. But once you read the book, you will get sucked into the book like me, and not put it down Cricket in Times Square book report By zee_teacher Imagine that you were living in a peaceful country with grass, trees, birds And suddenly you were moved to an extremely crowded city! Everything is strange, and new for you. Do you think you will like it? This is the story off fictional book called room the country, which is different from New York. So, Tucker the mouse and Harry As Chester impresses people by singing its songs, they make their own concerts. Wants to go home, but he also doesnt want to because he Just didnt want to leave you see a cricket in the streets, what would you do? If I was in that situation, I would say Mew. , and run away. But Mario accepted Chester as a pet regardless of what Mama and Papa Beeline said. The book has no enemies between the characters, sucked into the book like me, and not put it down!

Specific Learning Difficulties, Dyslexia Assignment

Specific Learning Difficulties, Dyslexia - Assignment Example In understanding the relationship, it is also imperative to define social construction. As documented by Burr (1995), social construction is advanced by the social constructionist theory, which is a sociological theory that describes how the objects of consciousness or social phenomenon thrive in the social contexts. Thus, when dyslexia is described as a subject of social construction, it implies it is simply an attribute of contingent aspects of social perceptions, as opposed to the attributes that are possessed by Dyslexia. Social constructionism notions can be earthed based on reality because it is often biased form reality. It is as a result of stance that assumed and which takes knowledge for granted (Lamond & Wiseman n.d).As far as social construction processes and marginalization process is concerned, Bourdieu proposes that behaviours and patterns of human behaviours, as well as groups of people can be predicted because they tend to assume a certain trend. These assume a socia l structure that is hegemonic in nature. Consequently, certain groups of people or individuals become limited by such social structures. Another perspective of relevance regarding social construction is that perspective advanced by Foucault. Foucault theorizes that there are various notions that are considered to be worthwhile or that which represents the truth. In the real sense, such notions are only social constructed and function to constrain their effectiveness and inconvenience, other people. Â   other people. As far as Dyslexia is concerned, these views can be hardly disputed. They are a representation of reality in the events that play in areas of contact by the dyslexia people. It has also been evidenced in other areas such as those that touch on masculinity, as evidenced in Davies (2008) and genders issues (Skelton and Francis, 2009; Skelton, 2010). What is Dyslexia? To begin with, according to British Dyslexia Association (2013), dyslexia is defined as condition characterized by the

One flew over the cuckoo's nest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

One flew over the cuckoo's nest - Essay Example Originally entering the ward in a bid to escape having to serve jail time, McMurphy quickly sizes up the other patients and determines what each can do to help make his stay in the ward more comfortable and exciting. However, as he comes into direct conflict with the high level of manipulation and oppression directed through the heavy hand of Big Nurse Ratched, the Irishman's energy and focus becomes a driving need to thwart her efforts. Since it appears that Nurse Ratched's primary goal is to keep the patients on the ward completely subdued and under her control, McMurphy concentrates on helping them recover their own sense of power and independence. As he constantly challenges Nurse Ratched's authority and demonstrates to the men on the ward that they have their own inner power to defy her wishes, McMurphy reveals to the men various ways in which they can help themselves break out of the mental traps in which they'd allowed themselves to be trapped. Although he didn't set out to em power the patients or to play any role positive or negative in their rehabilitation, it can be argued that Randy McMurphy was more successful than Nurse Ratched in rehabilitating the patients. By comparing Nurse Ratched's approach to the patients with McMurphy's approach, it is easy to see that even though both characters lost something important to them, McMurphy was more successful in helping these patients rehabilitate. It is clear from the beginning of the book that Nurse Ratched's primary goal is to ensure all the people within her domain are completely subjugated to her command so that she can 'fix' them the way she sees fit. Her purpose in working with the patients is to break them down until they are completely submissive to her instructions and desires. These desires are that the patients be fixed to work like the well-oiled machine they were intended to be, which the narrator makes clear right away in his description of the tools of her trade that she carries in her handba g: "there's no compact or lipstick or woman stuff, she's got that bag full of a thousand parts she aims to use in her duties today - wheels and gears, cogs polished to a hard glitter, tiny pills that gleam like porcelain, needles, forceps, watchmakers pliers, rolls of copper wire ... " (10). The tools of her trade are the tools of a mechanic intent on putting broken machines back together. There is no sense that she values the human spirit that ignites each soul as she works to break down the patients' resistance so that she can organize their universe for them. "The Big Nurse tends to get real put out if something keeps her outfit from running like a smooth, accurate, precision-made machine ... what she dreams of there in those wires is a world of precision efficiency and tidiness like a pocket watch with a glass back" (30). This concept of the patient as a broken clock continues to be mentioned by the narrator, Chief Bromden, who illustrates the fear and mistrust the other men hav e of her motives. She appears in her description like a giant mechanical spider sitting â€Å"in the center of this web of wires like a watchful robot, tend[s] her network with mechanical insect skill, know[s] every second which wire runs where and just what current to send up to get the results she wants† (30). Whether or not she is truly intent on helping these men heal within the limits

Topic will be based on which book you choose Term Paper

Topic will be based on which book you choose - Term Paper Example The constant commercial pommeling that teenagers are exposed to regularly makes them give in to the pressures of being considered cool by their peers, which in turn works in the corporations’ favor (Quart 32). In addition to all the above, the growing need to incorporate sex in some of these advertisements is making its way into the lives of teenagers and younger children. Recent sources in different organizations can attest to this. This paper will examine aspects of the book and relate it to an advertisement, and the impact it might have on its target market. At a particularly young age, teenagers and pre-teenagers are forced into different loyalty schemes by corporations that use their peers to market and sell their products. In Branded, the author brings into account the fact that corporations are having a higher stake in schools than they possibly should. In the past, countless groups, including parents and politicians, were at the forefront trying to resist the notion of advertising in schools. However, the current situation of sponsorship that most corporations boast of is making this a difficult task. Corporations, at present, have more shares in schools than any other party, and they are using this to their advantage. Brand-afflicted teenagers are now everywhere, but there might be time to save some of the young ones from the menace that is branding (Quart 47). Target audience Victoria’s Secret is one brand that is affiliated with the imagery of sex and sex appeal. In most of their advertisements, models and people wearing their lingerie appeal to the adults and market that tends to grasp the concept of being sexy. However, lately the brand has been moving toward a different market altogether. In a recent advertisement, â€Å"Bright Young Things,† the brand has brought to light their aim for a younger market. Teenagers and pre-teens who want to be considered cool are now looking toward Victoria’s Secret line of lingerie in a bid to look older, or more sophisticated. Parents are being forced to give in to the pressure of their young children who demand such clothing, and it is obvious that once children catch on to this brand, there is no turning back. It is next to impossible for the children not to remain loyal to the brand, if they start when young (Lutz 1). Aspects of the demographic The income and lifestyle of teenagers and pre-teens cannot be questioned as it is not impossible to pinpoint exactly where they get their income, or lifestyle choices. These aspects are influenced directly by their parents, immediate family members, and even friends. The little income that teenagers may receive is probably from allowances that parents offer their children once they partake of certain activities. However, as the issue of branding and marketing takes precedence in most schools and areas (Quart 53), teenagers are looking for different avenues which can work toward increasing their capital. It is this aspec t that sheds light on why teenagers look for different jobs during the summer and spring-breaks. More money means more savings, which ultimately leads to lifestyle autonomy. Parents have little or no say in the matter once their children start buying their own clothes, using their hard-earned money. Alissa Quart takes the reader into the processes used by corporations to attract teens and pre-teens into their branding world, and why it is particularly easy for teens to succumb to these schemes. The first aspect that comes into play is the use of people their own age to

Perovskite Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction Design

Perovskite Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction Design Theoretical design of efficient perovskite electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction Summary This project aims to engineer perovskite materials as efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 to fuel conversion. Perovskite are appealing candidates because of their wide ranging and complex electronic structures. There is a scope to break some of the limitations of metallic catalysts to come up with new efficient electro catalyst. The endless varieties of electronic properties oxides’ show are truly astounding. We would like to search this large materials space systematically for possible catalyst with improved activity for CO2 reduction. However, they should also be active, stable and conductive at relevant potentials to meet application targets. Identification and establishment of design principles for efficient oxide catalyst for CO2 reduction will mark the scientific part of this project. Efforts to be made for predicting molecular pathway of CO2 reduction reactions and develop unified search criterion like descriptors regarding these reactions. Then this knowledge to be appl ied for high throughput computational search for best perovskite electrocatalysts. In this project we plan to utilize the latest simulation methodologies developed based on density functional theory (DFT) towards understanding the molecular mechanism of CO2 to fuel conversion on oxide surfaces. Further on, we will explore kinetic barriers using nudged elastic band (NEB) method to come up with possible efficient electro catalyst. Introduction and perspective on impact Global energy consumption will increase manifold in a few decades as larger fraction of world population achieves higher quality of life. This demand could be met from fossil fuels, particularly coal. However, in recent time, carbon dioxide level in the air has reached the highest (>400 ppm) of the last 20 million years, causing radical and largely unpredictable changes in the environment. Thus to maintain sustainability for human kind, it will require invention, development, and deployment of carbon-neutral energy production at a scale larger than, the entire energy supply in modern civilization. To support high penetration of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power it would require a commensurate increase in energy storage capacity to integrate them into the electrical power grid. This is to facilitate reliability in power delivery by smoothing out the large fluctuations. Electrochemical conversion of CO2 and H2O into liquid fuels is the holy grail where high density renewable energy storage and CO2 capture meet each other. However, no electro-catalyst known to man can catalyse this reaction efficiently. Copper (Cu) is the only metal with considerable activity, but its efficiency and selectivity for liquid fuels are far too low for practical use. Ruthenium dioxide can convert CO2 to methanol at a low overpotential, however, the process is rather unselective and ruthenium is extremely scarce. It is of utmost importance to discover efficient electro catalyst with low over potential, high faraday efficiency and most importantly, made of earth abundant elements. Recent success obtained in photo electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 on SrTiO3 surfaces and electrocatalytic reduction of the same on Lanthanum Strontium Cuprate perovskite leads us towards selecting oxides especially perovskite as the most promising class of materials to study. The potential phase space of (mixed metal at A and B site) perovskite materials is very large, thus experimentally testing all compounds is not practically feasible, but has to be narrowed down through computational screening. Simulation science has taken up a key role in development of new energy materials in the last couple of years, through computation of materials properties, which are difficult to measure experimentally. Development in computer power has enabled large-scale materials screening and design at atomistic scale. Within catalyst design, simulations can identify restrictions on catalyst activity and selectivity caused by scaling laws, and these laws enable efficient prediction of activity or selectivity for possible new catalysts. Background Hori did seminal work on electrochemical reduction of CO2 on pure metals. Cu is the only metal that does not desorb CO and can uniquely reduce CO2 to significant quantities of hydrocarbons (mainly CH4 and C2H4). Reduction of CO2 on Cu is accompanied with a very high over-potential that hinders this reaction from being energy efficient. Recently, a mechanism that explains coppers unique ability in reducing CO2 to hydrocarbons and the origin of the high over-potential for the reduction of CO2 was identified by DFT calculations in conjunction with computational hydrogen electrode (CHE) model. Since electrochemical CO2 reduction to methane is an eight electron-proton transfer step that has seven intermediates, finding the best catalyst in principle demands understanding of a seven-dimensional molecule surface interaction space. Fortunately, the binding energies of carbon bounded species and oxygen bounded species scale with the binding energies of CO and OH, respectively. These correlati ons reduce the dimensionality to two binding energies but make it difficult to change the binding energies independently. Based on different reaction pathways and scaling relations Peterson and co-workers constructed volcano plots for different metals. It was shown that regardless of the reaction pathway, changing the metal surface marginally changes the over-potential. This helped to move the focus on other class of catalysts e,g, rutile oxides (Ru/Ir/Ti) can catalyze the conversion of CO2 to alcohols. However, very little is known about the reduction of CO2 to alcohols on oxide electrocatalysts. As the binding energies of OH/CO vary much widely on oxides than metals, it is possible to have different pathways and thermodynamic limiting steps on oxide surfaces than metallic ones. That makes template based computational search much more challenging, at the same time opening up possibilities of adsorbate-surface binding energies away from the established scaling laws. In general, there are three criteria that should be fulfilled by a newly proposed catalyst material: The catalyst should have high selectivity towards desired product It should have high energy efficiency, i.e. low reduction over-potential It should be stable at potentials of interest so that the activity does not degrade over time It should have sufficient electronic/polaronic conductivity Research plan For the thermodynamic pathway of the reactions, computational hydrogen electrode model will be followed to calculate the potential dependent reaction free energies from density functional theory based calculations using BEEF-vdW functional and PAW method as implemented in VASP. Corrections for zero point energy, heat capacity, entropic contribution and other energy correction for free molecules will be taken into account. Usage of BEEF-vdW functional will enable the estimation of errors in first principles calculations and describe proper long range van der Waals interaction between adsorbates and surfaces. Statistical tools will be used to calculate corrections from vibrational modes of the adsorbates. In addition, to describe correctly the electronic structure of late transition and rare-earth metals, Hubbard U correction method will be employed as and when required. To know atomic structure of the catalyst surface, which is key to these calculations, potential dependent surface Po urbaix diagrams will be constructed. Kinetic barriers for individual reaction steps will be searched with the climbing image nudged elastic band (CI-NEB) method. This method lets us find saddle points and minimum energy paths between two atomic configurations and works by optimizing a number of intermediate images along the reaction path. Using this methodology to study CO2 reduction over a handful of well-known perovskite materials, we will be able to establish activity descriptors for favorable catalysts. Through Brà ¸nsted–Evans–Polanyi relation between the activation energy and the reaction energy extends scaling laws to kinetic barriers as well. Using thermodynamic and kinetic scaling laws, it will be feasible to define most critical descriptors of the many electron reactions. These descriptors along with selectivity based parameters (e.g. suppressed hydrogen evolution) will be used to screen through a really large phase space of perovskite structures constructed in a 2x2x2 supercell (40 atoms) by using a large number of different elements in A/B or anion site as well as vacancies which are common in many perovskite materials. Significant fraction of these hypothetical structures will be discarded through simple rules like oxidation number sum, Goldstein’s rule and Valence Bond models. In th e screening process, the stability of possible structures are assessed using an accurate scheme of comparing the total energy of each compound to a pool of reference systems using a linear programming algorithm, to determine whether the material is stable or not. The further level of screening will include looking for materials with small or no bandgap using GLLB-sc functional. This is a crude approximation for screening purpose. For few selected structures, other conduction mechanism such as quantum tunneling or polaron hopping will be studied in more detail using Marcus theory for polaron hopping and non-equilibrium Green function based transport modelling. Even with the large reduction in search space through simple rule based screening, it will be impossible to perform DFT calculation for all of the possible structure. A genetic algorithm based search will enable us to effectively get the fittest candidates with existing computational resources. The parameters for the fit function will be similar as discussed above. Concepts of mutation and crossover will be used for quick searching. The project will be carried out in collaboration with experimentalist from DTU Energy Conversion (Prof. Nini Pryds and his group) and DTU Physics (Prof. Ib Chorkendorff and group). This will enable rapid experimental validation of predicted materials as effective CO2 reduction electrocatalyst. Work package and milestones WP1: Establish reaction mechanism (Jan 2015 – Aug 2015) 1.1 Calculate atomistic structure of SrTiO3 and NaNbO3 (100) and (110) surfaces from surface Pourbaix diagram 1.2 Study wide variety adsorbates to confirm reaction pathway to alkane and alcohols 1.3 Estimate kinetic barriers for the reaction paths WP2: Search for Descriptor (Sept 2015 – Feb 2016) 2.1 Calculate thermodynamic and kinetic barrier for CO2 reduction reactions for larger number (~50) of well-known perovskite. 2.2 Study these barriers for identifying best descriptors for the reactions 2.3 Do micro-kinetic modelling of the system considering different final products both carbonaceous and hydrogen based of the descriptors of reactions, to define region of selectivity and low over-potential requirement. WP2: High throughput computing based catalyst search and validation (Mar 2015 – Dec 2016) 3.1 Setup Computational infrastructure (e.g. software framework working in unison) required for screening methodology over billions of structures. The layers in the screening (rule based and calculation based) as well as the genetic algorithm based evolutionary search tool has to work in tandem. 3.2 Perform the large scale search for optimum binding energies, kinetic barrier, conductivity and selectivity through GA based exploration of the phase space. The fit criterion for a specific product to be defined based on the results of the micro-kinetic modelling. 3.3 Synthesize and run experiments for measuring activity of a handful of selected candidates for different end products Resource requirement The scale of the computational search and complexity requires tier0 type supercomputing infrastructure. I expect to be able to use ~8 million cpu hours in the DTU HPC resource – NIFLHEIM. Applications have also been made for another 20 million cpu hours under the European supercomputing program – PRACE. Scientific dissemination The fundamental insight developed, catalyst predicted and validated throughout this project will generate utmost interest in the catalysis for sustainable energy field internationally. Thus findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals with a high visibility. Such publications can be expected during 4Q of 2015 and 2016. Preliminary results will be presented at relevant conferences within the fields of electrocatalysis, computational electrochemistry and surface science. Besides contributing to fundamental insight the project is focused on specific catalyst design and it is therefore an objective that one or more patents will be filed for at the end of the period.

Comparison of Dylan Thomas Fern Hill and Robert Frosts Birches Essay

Comparison of Dylan Thomas' Fern Hill and Robert Frost's Birches Poets often use nature imagery to comment on the relationship between humans and the natural environment surrounding them. Traditionally, this relationship is portrayed in a positive manner as it places emphasis on the concept that nature is representative of beauty; consequently, embracing this representation will enlighten the human experience. The facets of that relationship are represented within Dylan Thomas' "Fern Hill" and Robert Frost's "Birches". Both poets invoke an image of nature that is picturesque, serene and innocent in order to convey a message that one can have a fulfilling life if they focus on the beauty that exists within the primary world. Conversely, Coleridge's "Dejection: An Ode" contains a different interpretation of what one's relationship with nature should involve. The speaker feels that a simple appreciation of beauty is insufficient; one must identify with that beauty through the soul in order to be enlightened. Despite the fact that "Fern Hill" and "Birches" initially appear to express satisfaction about the value of superficial human experiences, when analyzed in conjunction with "Dejection: An Ode", the meanings of these two poems are altered. Frost's "Birches", Thomas' "Fern Hill" and Coleridge's "Dejection: An Ode" all convey different levels of dejection upon initial examination; however, when contrasting the expressions of the speaker and the imagery patterns of the poem, these levels of dejection become increasingly ambiguous. The relationship between the... ...rly, all three poems contain elements of dejection at one point; however, the presence of that dejection is tested in Coleridge's case, and increased within the Frost and Thomas poems. It is incredibly ironic that the one poem that was an ode to dejection turned out to be the most positive of the three. WORKS CITED Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. "Dejection: An Ode." The Broadview Anthology of Poetry. Eds. Herbert Rosengarten and Amanda Goldrick-Jones. Peterborough: Broadview P, 1993. 183. Frost, Robert. "Birches." The Broadview Anthology of Poetry. Eds. Herbert Rosengarten and Amanda Goldrick-Jones. Peterborough: Broadview P, 1993. 410. Thomas, Dylan. "Fern Hill." The Broadview Anthology of Poetry. Eds. Herbert Rosengarten and Amanda Goldrick-Jones. Peterborough: Broadview P, 1993. 632.

Myself, the Writer Essay

Every human being in this world has what he or she enjoys doing. On my part, I have a liking for writing and it has become my hobby since my high school years. I developed fondness towards the art of writing after having been encouraged by my language teacher. She used to do a lot of writing and had written several books and articles that were published in journals, magazines, and newspapers. She used to write on virtually every topic especially on issues that were emergent within the society. This teacher became my role model. This paper shall give a summary of the reasons and challenges I meet during writing. Reasons and Challenges in Writing: As stated earlier in the introduction, I developed my desire in writing during my high school days and from that time I have enjoyed every bit of my hobby, writing on almost every topic in the day to day life in the society. One of the main reasons as to why I have a liking for writing is that I have a strong yearning to progress in writing. Writing also assists me in developing new skills and advancing knowledge on various subjects. Writing also helps me in expressing my feelings (Hodges, p 9). There are however many challenges that I encounter in writing. Extra caution is needed when writing due to the strict rules and legislations that have been established to govern writing. These acts to limit the extent to which an individual would wish to express his/her ideas (Elbow, p 12). Writing can also be a challenge in that finding the right words does not come easy. Writing requires total commitment and it may be discouraging especially when you are unable to come up with the necessary words that would express a phenomenon (Elbow, p 26). Writing can not be done in a haphazard manner and therefore requires adequate time and vast research on the topic. Writers get frustrated when some topics of interest do not have enough information upon conducting research. Conclusion: Writing is part and parcel of my life and despite the challenges that I face, I am determined to overcome them and excel. It is only through writing that the unspoken minds can be read and understood. Just like any other field, success in writing requires total commitment. Work Cited: Elbow, Peter. Writing with power: techniques for mastering the writing process, (2nd edn) 1998. Oxford University Press US; ISBN 0195120175, 9780195120172 Hodges, Richard, E. â€Å"The Conventions of Writing. † In Handbook of Research on Teaching the English Language Arts, ed. James Flood, Julie M. Jensen, Diane Lapp, and James R. Squire. 1991. New York: Macmillan.

Greek Mythology Literature Essay Sample

Greek Mythology Literature Essay Sample Greek Mythology Literature Essay Sample Greek Mythology Literature Essay Sample Achilles and Agamemnon Greek mythology evolved over several centuries and passed from generation to generation. Nowadays, people can find elements of the myths in the poetry of Homer and Hesiod, as well as the works of the Greek dramatists Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and others. The works of these authors still conceal many mysteries. They reflect the legendary past – a time when the public good was above personal interests and protected by glorious descendants of the gods. The one reading these works should view the characters from historical and artistic standpoints. The most prominent and well-known heroes of Greek mythology depicted in Iliad by Homer are Achilles and Agamemnon. Despite fighting in the Achaean army, they possess distinct features, leading to a significant quarrel between them. Thus, the aim of the paper is to give a comparative characterization of two characters – Achilles and Agamemnon. Achilles’ Anger Iliad is an epic poem that depicts the events of the Trojan during the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon. Iliad rests on the myths that provide background for the events depicted. The Greeks besieged Troy for nine years. They captured many of the surrounding towns and villages and occasionally clashed with the Trojans, who appeared behind their powerful fortifications. The Greeks were exhausted and irritated by their failure to win a decisive victory over Troy. Moreover, warrior Achilles also quarreled with king Agamemnon. As a trophy, Greeks promised Agamemnon beautiful Chryseis, daughter of Chryses – the priest of the temple of Apollo. Chryses offered a king a large ransom for the freedom of his daughter. Nevertheless, Agamemnon refused. In response, the priest began to pray fervently to Apollo to avenge his daughter. Consequently, the god sent pestilence on the Greek army. The prophet announced that it would rage as long as Agamemnon returned Chryseis to her father. Ac hilles persuaded the king to fulfill this condition. However, Agamemnon refused. They argued for a long time. Finally, Agamemnon agreed to return the daughter to her father. However, to show his power in the most offensive way, he took Achilles’ young slave Briseis, which make the warrior terribly angry. â€Å"Achilles then became sad and would not leave his tent† (Glaser and Bowman 15). It was an insult to his honor. Moreover, it was also utterly unfair, mainly because trophies obtained in battle were Achilles’ merit. The outraged warrior kept himself aloof from the participation in the battles and the war councils. Taking advantage of discord among the Greeks, the Trojans began to gain victories. Such turnaround of events forced Agamemnon to beg Achilles forgiveness, offering him all taken. However, the latter rejected his proposal, saying that despite all the gifts, Agamemnon would never win. Nevertheless, despite the promises not to join the battle, Achilles was engaged in the battle to take revenge over the de ath of his friend – Patroclus. â€Å"Achilles is eager to fight and refuses to eat; all he craves is killing and blood† (Thompson 43). Achilles Achilles is a hero of the supernatural origin on both lines as his mother is the sea goddess Thetis and his father Peleus is a demigod. Achilles was predicted the death from an arrow shot by his enemy. In an effort to make her son invulnerable and thus give him immortality, Thetis tempered him with fire at night and rubbed ambrosia in the daytime. One night, Peleus saw his infant son in the fire and tore him from the hands of the mother. According to another version, Thetis bathed Achilles in the waters of the underground river Styx. In such a way, she wanted to make her son invulnerable. â€Å"The only place not touched by the sacred waters was where she held him by the heel – his weak spot† (Jeffrey 4). In particular, the arrow shooting in the heel became the cause of Achilles’ death. Offended by the intervention of Peleus, Thetis left her husband. Peleus gave his son to the wise centaur Chiron on education, who reared Achilles with the entrails of lions, bears , and wild boars and taught to play the cittern. The soothsayer Calchas predicted that the Greeks would win the war with Troy only if Achilles participated in the battles. When Menelaus and his brother Agamemnon began to gather an army, Thetis hid Achilles in the palace of the king Lycomedes on the island of Skyros. After learning about the upcoming campaign against Troy, Achilles and his friend Patroclus happily agreed to participate in it. Although Homer denies invulnerability of Achilles, the hero has a number of superhuman qualities – extraordinary courage, audacity, and extreme pride. No one can raise his spear. Achilles conquered twelve cities on the ships, and eleven –from the land. Therefore, his quarrel with Agamemnon is not just a conflict between the epic sovereign and the best of the heroes. It is a conflict of the leader of people with a non-human (Thornton 28). Many researchers usually represent Achilles as extremely boring and monotonous. According to them, he is an epic ideal of the warrior hero. In fact, Homer’s Achilles is one of the most complex figures of the ancient literature. In the first stage of his tragedy, during the quarrel with Agamemnon, Achilles behaves rather passively. His primary emotion here is anger against the offender. Nevertheless, he reconciled and was ready to fight against the Trojans. All Achilles’ actions make his image surprisingly original. First, a military storm, a huge destructive force, bestial vengeance, and thirst for blood and cruelty explain his actions. Nevertheless, on the other hand, the whole meaning of blood and this atrocity consists in tender friendship with Patroclus. â€Å"Achilles portrays himself as an individual who failed to care for his comrades† (Bloom 161). The image of a beloved and gentle friend coexists in the soul of Achilles with animal ferocity and inhumanity . These two origins not only reinforce each other but also get their single meaning. For example, it is quite common for Achilles that after the appearance near the ditch in a wild and ferocious condition and after the panic caused by his terrible cry, he shed hot tears over the corpse of his faithful companion. In addition, soft and delicate features, which in any case cannot be forgotten while analyzing the hero, are characteristic of Achilles. He is pious and often refers to the gods with the prayer, causing the appearance of the winds. Furthermore, Achilles is reserved. For example, when dealing with the messengers of Agamemnon, he is restrained considering them innocent. In addition, he is a loving son and often helplessly refers to his mother, for example, after the insults received from Agamemnon or after notification of the death of Patroclus. This antithesis is the most characteristic feature of Achilles. On the one hand, he is angry, short-tempered, vindictive, and merciless in war. He is like an animal, not a person. Achilles is a heartless element, not a human heart. However, on the other hand, Achilles has a tender and loving heart. His anger produces a naive impression. The whole image of the hero and the giant weeping near his mother or the dead friend is even touching. This antithesis of a stern fighter and a tender heart is the very first and foremost that readers can find in Achilles. It shows that in Achilles, there is something spontaneous, irresponsible, and irrational. Brutality and a tender heart are mixed in him as the cloudy and clear weather is mixed in nature. In the spiritual experience of Achilles, there is a call of the fate along with the extravagance of life. He knows that he will not return from Troy. Nevertheless, Achilles makes a difficult and dangerous campaign. â€Å"Homer’s Iliad concludes not with a martial triumph but with Achilles’ heartbroken acceptance that he will, in fact, lose his life in this wholly pointless campaign† (Alexander 5). Before the decisive battle, horses predict him the imminent demise assigned by the fate. However, it does not stop Achilles. He turns love to the fate in his philosophy of life. In an inexorable military heart, there is a warm and soft sense of humanity and common destiny of all people. In the deep and complex image of Achilles, there is certain sadness. The voluptuousness of the battle, tender friendship, love, devotion to the will of fate, absolute personal courage, and an intimate sense of humanity are merged into one vital impulse and social instinct. Achilles is a complex and rich nature in a truly ancient and Homeric sense. Overall, Achilles is one of the most popular characters of ancient arts. One can find his depiction in Pompeian frescoes, works of vase painting, reliefs of Roman sarcophagi, and other works. In medieval art, mainly the illustrations to the Trojan War embodied the image of Achilles. Only in the XVI century, scenes from the life of Achilles became widespread in painting. Agamemnon Agamemnon is a character of Greek mythology and â€Å"one of the principle characters in Homer’s Iliad† (Daly and Rengel 6). He is a son of Atreus and Aerope, Mycenaean king, and a leader of the United Achaean troops in the Trojan War. In the works of Homer, Aeschylus, Euripides, and Sophocles, as well as in novels and plays by contemporary authors, Agamemnon appears as proud, powerful, mighty, and courageous. At the same time, he is a suspiciously selfish person lost in difficult situations. His character attracts and repels at the same time. Agamemnon’s tragic fate invokes compassion. Agamemnon was born in Mycenae. He spent his childhood in an atmosphere of intrigue and power struggles between Atreus and his brother Thyestes. Later, Agamemnon became the king of Mycenae and was one of the most powerful and wealthy Achaean rulers. After the capture of Troy, Agamemnon received a huge booty and Cassandra. He returned to his homeland where he died in his house. According to the older version of the myth, Aegisthus killed Agamemnon during the feast. The fabulous wealth of Agamemnon and his prominent position among the Greek leaders reflect the rise of historical Mycenae in the XIV-XII centuries BC and its dominant role among the early states of the Peloponnese. The preserved ritual epithet â€Å"Zeus – Agamemnon† shows that Agamemnon was probably originally one of those semi-divine patrons of his tribe, whose functions with the formation of the Olympic pantheon went to Zeus. Agamemnon is more principled and less petty than Achilles. Taken the captive woman from Achilles, during the first military damage of Achaean army, Agamemnon returns her and indulges the warrior in every way. Homer depicts Agamemnon in all the grandeur of the Achaean leader. He compares him to the gods. â€Å"Although it would be unfair to suggest that Agamemnon is not a worthy warrior, such a role is not stressed in the poem, and, in fact, the overall characterization of his leadership is anything but positive† (Burgess 86). Homer supplies Agamemnon with weapons only slightly worse than Achilles’ ones. However, for Achilles, it was easy to get his famous shield because he is the son of sea princess, and she asked Hephaestus for the weapon. Agamemnon does not have an extremely defiant and despotic character. On the contrary, his character is weak. If Agamemnon rashly and inappropriately orders something, he is immediately ready to apologize and cover everything with his peacefulness. His weakness of character explains his angry outbreaks. Agamemnon suddenly becomes wrought up but immediately calms. It explains his famous quarrel with Achilles. Agamemnon is forgiving, despite all the provocations on the part of Achilles. However, the warrior is extremely vindictive. Achilles strongly condemns and belittles the king. He calls Agamemnon a dog, a drunkard, shameless, a despot, and a coward. However, Agamemnon is cruel but not crueler than all the other characters. He prohibits Menelaus to spare the Trojan and is ready to kill even a baby in the womb from a hostile country. However, it can be considered a trifle compared with the cruelty that Achilles shows against his enemies, not excluding even helpless and young ones. Agamemnon definitely does not appeal to Homer. The author does not like him in a role of a king and a supreme military leader who abuses his power. In the eyes of Homer, the tribal community leads to absolutism with all the attendant consequences. An emancipated poet does not admire this evolution. In this sense, Homer depicts Agamemnon worse than other warriors are because his power is stronger. The author presents the king as a robber, a predator, and a bold critic of Zeus. He is often a coward and a drunkard with a lyrically subtle, profoundly insulted, and infinitely suffering soul. However, taken alone, he is not much different from others. Moreover, he is criticized no more than others are. His image eventually is covered with some sad and tender lyrics. In such a way, Agamemnon is a powerful and glorious knight and king; however, unstable and weak-willed, greedy and voluptuous, modest and supple. The conflict between the two Achaeans – Agamemnon and Achilles exhibits a contradiction between two powerful characters. The reader perceives Agamemnon as an irascible, cruel, greedy, brutal, and intransigent person. His main principles in life are power, strength, and glory. His whim is to receive an equal prize. It is a reaction of injured dignity and self-confidence of the king. In contrast, Achilles is tripping and divine. Courage, valor, and nobility distinguish him. He fought in defense of the heroic ideal of justice. The images of Achilles and Agamemnon are complex and controversial. They are not one-sided – either only positive or negative. Both Achilles and Agamemnon have positive and negative traits of character, which make them extremely outstanding characters in Greek mythology.